23^rd International Conference on Dentistry and Dental Materials July 19-20, 2018 Hotel Holiday Inn | Aurelia Rome, Italy

Dentists suggest various treatments to restore damaged teeth. These treatments help restore the appearance, shape and function of your teeth. Everyone, including young children, should visit the dentist at least once every six months. Permanent teeth are designed to last a lifetime. The risk of tooth decay, gum disease and tooth loss can be reduced with good oral hygiene, a low-sugar diet and regular visits to the dentist or other oral health professional. Modern techniques mean that dental treatment can be carried out with no, or very little, discomfort.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, traumatic injuries, and developmental or genetic deformities of the face, mouth, dentition, jaws and neck. Functional, pathologic and cosmetic problems are managed by these physicians.

Oral cancer can form in any part of the mouth. Most oral cancers begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. Anyone can get oral cancer, but the risk is higher if you are male, use tobacco, drink lots of alcohol, have HPV, or have a history of head or neck cancer. Frequent sun exposure is also a risk factor for lip cancer. Tests to diagnose oral cancer include a physical exam, endoscopy, biopsy, and imaging tests. Oral cancer treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Some patients have a combination of treatments.

Dental pharmacology is the study of drugs, or pharmaceuticals, typically used in the dental field. The most common types of drugs used by a dentist or dental professional are analgesics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and anesthetics. Each drug works in a different way to address whatever the dental issue may be. In any case, the dental hygienist needs to be aware of the drugs that the patients are taking to prepare for possible medical emergencies, identify oral conditions that may be present as a result of the drugs which may be associated with antibiotics or a number of different drugs, determining the appropriate home care procedures.

Forensic odontology is the application of dental science to legal investigations, primarily involving the identification of the offender by comparing dental records to a bite mark left on the victim or at the scene, or identification of human remains based on dental records. In identifying human remains based in their teeth, dental records should ideally be obtained and compared to those of the unidentified body. forensic odontologists and dentists are greatly involved in the identification of victims of mass disasters. Dental records are beneficial in identifying such victims.

Dental Hygiene encompasses the relationship between oral health care and total body health. Providing individualized oral hygiene care requires knowledge in the application of principles of biomedical, clinical and social sciences. A dental hygienist has the opportunity to influence a patient’s overall health by providing knowledgeable oral hygiene treatment. The profession requires an interest in science and health care and, equally important, a desire to work with and help people.

Advancements in new dental technology offer better solutions for traditional oral health problems than ever before.  The trend in dentistry is utilizing technology to make dentistry more comfortable, durable, efficient and natural-looking for the patient as possible.  Patients and their dentists benefit from newer techniques that are less invasive and more dependable than the years of past.  Procedures that formerly took multiple trips to the dentist or required multiple health care providers can often be performed in the comfort of one office by one qualified provider. There are many new advancements in dentistry that your dentist may choose to offer for an enhanced state of comfort and improved oral health.

Whether seeing a patient for a routine prophy appointment, or providing more complex restorative, periodontal or endodontic treatment, a variety of dental materials will be a part of the workflow. From capturing an impression to placing a crown to performing cosmetic whitening, highly specialized materials are needed to complete your task. Finding the right material for your practice and the case at hand is important. New dental materials are coming to the market at a rapid pace, so staying on top of your options is an ongoing part of practicing dentistry.

Patients and practitioners have a variety of options when choosing materials and procedures for restoring carious lesions or missing teeth. This technique involves placing a soft or malleable filling into the prepared tooth and building up the tooth. The material is then set hard and the tooth is restored. The advantage of direct restorations is that they usually set quickly, limited energy can be passed to the tooth from the setting process without damaging it. Where strength is required, especially as the fillings become larger, indirect restorations may be the best choice in some cases.

Endodontic sealing materials for permanent obturation of root canals are highly variable both in chemistry of setting and in their additives. Conventional materials are based on zinc oxide-eugenol, rosin-chloroform, or synthetic resins. These have been extensively tested for biological and technical properties. Most materials are slightly or moderately cytotoxic, and some - notably paraformaldehyde-containing materials- have been associated with clinical complications such as paresthesia of the mental and/or inferior alveolar nerve. Recently, Ca(OH)2-containing materials have been introduced with claims of improved clinical and biological performance.

An impression is made by placing a viscous, thixotropic impression material into the mouth via a custom or stock dental impression tray. The material, then sets to become an elastic solid, and, when removed from the mouth, provides a detailed and stable negative of teeth. Common materials used for dental impressions are sodium alginate, polyether and silicones, condensation-cured silicones and addition-cured silicones, such as polyvinyl siloxane. Historically plaster of Paris, zinc oxide eugenol and agar have been used.

In this technique, the restoration is fabricated outside of the mouth using the dental impressions of the prepared tooth. Common indirect restorations include inlays and onlays, crowns, bridges, and veneers. Usually a dental technician fabricates the indirect restoration from records the dentist has provided of the prepared tooth. The finished restoration is usually bonded permanently with a dental cement. It is often done in two separate visits to the dentist. Common indirect restorations are done using gold or ceramics.

Deciding which dental materials, you need for your lab starts with determining what types of restorations you will be producing, and what processes, techniques and technologies you will be using to produce them. Whether your lab focuses on fixed crowns and bridges, removable restorations, implant-supported restorations, or orthodontics, it is highly likely you will need model materials including gypsums used to create study and working models. Few high-tech labs will 3D print their models or produce restorations without a model. Those labs will be using digital dental technologies and most likely will use CAD/CAM materials when producing restorations. Labs focused on fixed restorations will want crown and bridge materials including ceramic systems, stains and glazes, and possibly alloys. Labs focused on full and partial dentures will need removable materials such as acrylic resins and denture teeth.