23^rd International Conference on Dentistry and Dental Materials July 19-20, 2018 Hotel Holiday Inn | Aurelia Rome, Italy

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Hassan Koshak received his Master of Science in Dentistry (MSD) and a Clinical Certificate in Periodontics from Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy (2009-2012) Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with honours. He received his Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD) from University of South California School of Dentistry (2006-2008); Bachelor of Dental Medicine and Surgery (BDS) from Faculty of Dental Medicine and Surgery, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, KSA. He is a Consultant in Periodontics and Implant Dentistry. He is the Head of the Dental Department and Dental Educator at Comprehensive Specialized Polyclinic, Ministry of Interior Security Forces Medical Services, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 2016. He received Saudi Fellowship in Dental Implant from the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (2014-2016). He received a Saudi Board in Periodontics from the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (2012-2014).

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Clinical choice of the most appropriate implant therapy modality should be based on assessment of the residual alveolar bone height, width, and sinus morphology with a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, current scientific evidence, surgical skills and experience of the surgeon, and the patient’s preferences. Following a good surgical protocol and excellent oral hygiene maintenance program are fundamental elements in achieving a successful and predictable outcome. The available evidence on short dental implants in early research was not significant comparing with the longer dental implants; the surface treatment is improving now than before for this reason. The use of short implants allows treatment of patients who are unable to undergo complex surgical techniques for medical, anatomic or financial reasons. By reducing the need for complex surgeries short implants reduce morbidity, cost and treatment time. Recently short implants offer a less invasive treatment alternative in resorbed ridge cases.

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Statement of the Problem: Fracture failure of resin-matrix composite (RMC) increased in the past decade from 29.5%-39.1% due to multiple factors that may include non-uniform polymerization across the RMC surface. Investigating polymerization patterns within the bulk of a RMC can contribute to greater understanding of fracture etiology.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of an irradiance-beam-profile area from different lightemitting-diode (LED) curing-units on the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KH) and cross-link density (CLD) uniformity within a RMC at two clinically relevant distances and explore the correlation among them.

Methodology: Irradiance-beam-profiles were generated from six light-curing units (LCUs); one quartz-tungsten-halogen, two single and three multiple-emission-peak LED units and combined with the corresponding power measurements. The radiant exposure was maintained, and a mapping approach was used to investigate DC (micro-Raman spectroscopy), KH (hardness tester) and %KH reduction as an indicator of CLD (ethanol-soft ening method) within a nano-hybrid RMC increment at various depths cured at two light-tip distances. The localized irradiance correlation with the corresponding DC, KH and %KH reduction was explored.

Findings: Non-uniform DC, KH and %KH reduction was observed within the specimens and localized polymerization discrepancies were significant at specific depths and points, which did not follow a specific pattern regardless of the LCU or curing distance. A mapping approach within the specimens provided detailed polymerization characterization. Localized irradiance was weakly correlated with the corresponding DC, KH and %KH reduction on the top RMC surfaces at both distances. Polymerization of the RMC investigated did not reflect the LCU irradiance pattern at the area assessed, and no LCU demonstrated uniform polymerization at all points for the measurements investigated at both distances. Therefore, the LCUs explored do not result in uniform polymerization, which may potentially increase the risk of RMC fracture. 

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Adnan A Ishgi has completed his Certificate of Advance Graduate study in Prosthodontics and Doctorate of Science in Biomaterials from Boston University (Boston, USA) and Masters in Medical Education from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS). He is the Director of the Postgraduate residency training programs at the Saudi National Guard-Health Affairs; Chairman of the Physician Scholarship Selection Committee at KSAU-HS, Chairman of the Prosthodontic Curriculum Committee at the Saudi Commission of Health Specaialties (SCFHS).

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Several decades ago, aesthetic dental needs were not on top of patient interest, but recently aesthetics has taken its rightful place along with functionality due to the increasing knowledge of the field and also advancement in materials and technologies. Consumers now are aware of effect of esthetics of their teeth, on their wellbeing, their acceptance by others, their success in work and in relationships, and their emotional stability informed by books and ongoing media coverage. These same consumers have their unique cases, which depend on pre-existing dental condition, extraoral and intraoral factors, knowledge, expectations, and even financial boundaries. All the previous factors along with clinical and laboratory materials and methods affect the final esthetic outcome of dental treatment. This presentation will discuss all the previous factors, which aim at reaching the aesthetic treatment needed by both patients and dentists. 

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Purpose: This paper assesses the effectiveness of a tooth brushing activity delivered in primary schools in the Emirate of Dubai, UAE as part of a preventive program. The tooth brushing activity was designed with the intention of improving the oral health of young children and emphasizes on the importance of daily good oral hygiene habits.

Materials & Methods: The evaluation was based on a pre and post visible plaque index examination, an interview with the school nurse responsible for the follow up and a feedback questionnaire for the parents.

Results: Children accepted the activity and they enjoyed participating in daily tooth brushing. Children were more aware of the importance of daily brushing and the consequences of poor oral hygiene. The activity was more successful when the school administration and school nurse embraced and accepted the idea of their students brushing daily in schools. Feedback from the parents showed children involvement in such an activity were more keen to brush at home and had a positive infl uence on their siblings.

Conclusions: The results of the activity suggest that tooth brushing in schools could be an effective method to encourage and enforce good oral hygiene habits. This paper gives an overview on how this could be implemented and the possibility of setting up policies and guidelines to govern its application in all schools of Dubai. 

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Introduction: Early identification of the maxillo-mandibular divergence pattern of patients allows orthodontists to attain maximum improvement in skeletal relationships through growth modification and avoid orthognathic surgery.

Aim: Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between atlas morphology and maxillo-mandibular divergence.

Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 208 subjects aged 18 to 25 years. The atlas parameters were categorized into atlas dorsum, anteroposterior and ventrum and measured on View Pro-X soft ware. Various maxillary (FPPP, SNPP and FHPP angles) and mandibular (SNGoGn, saddle, articulare, gonial, sum of posterior and Y-axis angles) parameters were used to evaluate the divergence pattern of the individual. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare atlas and maxillo-mandibular parameters between genders. Spearman correlation was used to correlate atlas and maxillo-mandibular parameters across genders. A p-value≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Statistically significant differences were found between various atlas and maxillo-mandibular parameters between genders. With atlas dorsum, the saddle angle (r=-0.3) in males whereas gonial (r=-0.2), Y-axis (r=0.1) and SNPP (r=-0.2) angles in females showed significant weak correlation. With atlas anteroposterior, saddle (r=-0.2), articulare, (r=0.2), SNPP (r=-0.2) and FHPP (r=-0.3) angles in males showed significant weak correlation. However, only the SNPP angle (r=-0.2) in females showed a signifi cant weak correlation with atlas ventrum.

Conclusions: A weak correlation was found between atlas parameters and various maxillo-mandibular angular parameters in both genders. Therefore, atlas morphology cannot be regarded as a good predictor of future maxillo-mandibular divergence pattern.

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Cigarettes are not the only form of tobacco smoked; in fact, waterpipe has been used for smoking tobacco for centuries. The name Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is used for the last 2 decades in the English language scientifi c literature to refer to any variety of instruments that involves tobacco smoke passing through water before inhalation. The use of water pipe is increasing daily, in all age and sex groups. There is a dire need to study and document health eff ects of water pipe smoking in general and specifi cally on the oral cavity as it has not been done anywhere else in the world till date. Since the oral mucosa is exposed to the smoke and its toxins from WTS directly, it will defi nitely help in studying the eff ects on it at a cellular and genetic level. The general public perception is that WTS is harmless. The waterpipe used just as other forms of tobacco use can be regulated if there is more awareness of its health eff ects. We collected socio-demographical, behavioral data pertaining to WTS and cigarette smoking in the region and studied their toxicological eff ects on the oral mucosa.

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Splinting is a common treatment approach in dental practice to obtain stability and eliminate mobility. It has also been shown that splinting can decrease pain and discomfort during biting and chewing. In addition, splinting of the mobile tooth is recommended before regenerative periodontal treatment to obtain maximum benefits from the treatment. It was our experience that SRP instrumentation was made easier by the splinting due to the prevention of tooth mobility. As another benefit, the patient was no longer complaining about chewing or biting after splinting. With the aid of pink-splinting clinicians will enhance the esthetic results after periodontal treatment in patients with periodontal disease. In addition, they will also manage the papilla loss and its effects in patients. This technique may be life-saving in patients with aggressive periodontitis. 

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